The radical German nationalists and their attitude to the Habsburg Monarchy
Die Wacht am Rhein
Es braust ein Ruf wie Donnerhall,
Wie Schwertgeklirr und Wogenprall:
Zum Rhein, zum Rhein, zum deutschen Rhein!
Wer will des Stromes Hüter sein?
Lieb’ Vaterland, magst ruhig sein,
Fest steht und treu die Wacht am Rhein!
The Watch at the Rhine
The cry resounds like thunder’s peal,
Like crashing waves and clang of steel:
To the Rhine, the Rhine, our German Rhine,
Who will defend our stream divine?
Dear fatherland, no fear be thine,
Firm and true the Watch at the Rhine!
The ‘Wacht am Rhein’ is regarded as having been the battle-hymn of German nationalism. The text is a poem of 1840 by Max Schneckenburger, which was set to music by Carl Wilhelm in 1854.
Hanisch, Ernst: Der lange Schatten des Staates. Österreichische Gesellschaftsgeschichte im 20. Jahrhundert [Österreichische Geschichte 1890–1990, hrsg. von Herwig Wolfram], Wien 2005
Kann, Robert A.: Zur Problematik der Nationalitätenfrage in der Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918, in: Wandruszka, Adam/Urbanitsch, Peter (Hrsg.): Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918, Band III: Die Völker des Reiches, Wien 1980, Teilband 2, 1304–1338
Rumpler, Helmut: Eine Chance für Mitteleuropa. Bürgerliche Emanzipation und Staatsverfall in der Habsburgermonarchie [Österreichische Geschichte 1804–1914, hrsg. von Herwig Wolfram], Wien 2005
Sutter, Berthold: Die Deutschen, in: Wandruszka, Adam/Urbanitsch, Peter (Hrsg.): Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918, Band III: Die Völker des Reiches, Wien 1980, Teilband 1, 154–339
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Kapitel
- The German-Austrians in the Habsburg Monarchy
- German Austrians or Austrian Germans?
- Holding the Monarchy together: The German-Austrians as the guarantors of Habsburg statehood
- In search of the Fatherland: The genesis of the German nation
- To join or not to join? Austria and the process of German unification
- Fear of losing hegemony: The German-Austrians in the Austrian multi-national state
- The radical German nationalists and their attitude to the Habsburg Monarchy
- The concept of ‘German Central Europe’
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Kapitel
- The drive for unification
- The radical German nationalists and their attitude to the Habsburg Monarchy
- The concept of ‘German Central Europe’
- Together we are strong: Pan-slavism and "Slavdom"
- The rise and fall of Austro-Slavism
- "Two branches of one nation" – Czechoslovakism as a political programme
- Viva l’Italia! Italian irredentism and the Habsburg Monarchy
- From Illyrism to Yugoslavism: competing concepts for a southern Slav nation
- Élyen a Magyar – long live the Magyars! Hungarian Magyarization policy
