The Supreme Command of the German Army, photo 1916

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The three men in the centre are (from left to right) General Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, Kaiser Wilhelm II and Erich Ludendorff. From: Der Weltkrieg in seiner rauhen Wirklichkeit, Munich 1926, p. 237

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‘Brothers in arms’: Austria-Hungary and Germany as partners and allies

The oft-invoked ‘brotherhood in arms’ between Vienna and Berlin was in reality an alliance between two very unequally matched ‘brothers’ who had differing aims and were sometimes even rivals.

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